One of the world's most liveable cities, the 2021 Global Livability Ranking tied Wellington with Tokyo as 4th in the world. Often referred to as New Zealand's cultural capital, the culture of Wellington is a diverse and often youth-driven one which has yielded influence across Oceania. Wellington's transport network includes train and bus lines which reach as far as the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa, and ferries connect the city to the South Island. The city is chiefly served by Wellington International Airport in Rongotai, the third busiest airport in the country. Wellington is one of New Zealand's chief seaports and serves both domestic and international shipping. It is the centre of New Zealand's film and special effects industries, and increasingly a hub for information technology and innovation, with two public research universities. Wellington's economy is primarily service-based, with an emphasis on finance, business services, government, and the film industry. Wellington also leads in large summer festivals, such as CubaDupa and the Newtown Festival.
Most of these are small and independent, but the major ones are Te Papa and the City Gallery. The city has a strong art scene, with hundreds of art galleries.
Its architectural attractions include the Old Government Buildings – one of the largest wooden buildings in the world – as well as the iconic Beehive, the executive wing of Parliament Buildings as well as internationally renowned Futuna Chapel. It plays host to many artistic and cultural organisations, including the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and Royal New Zealand Ballet. In addition to governmental institutions, Wellington accommodates several of the nation's largest and oldest cultural institutions, such as the National Archives, the National Library, New Zealand's national museum, Te Papa and numerous theatres. The city has served as New Zealand's capital since 1865, a status that is not defined in legislation, but established by convention the New Zealand Government and Parliament, the Supreme Court and most of the public service are based in the city. Its metro area, which includes the cities of Porirua, Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt, has a resident population of 432,800. As of June 2021, the Wellington urban area (which only includes urbanised areas within Wellington City) has a resident population of 215,900. Wellington was originally designed by Captain William Mein Smith, the first Surveyor General for Edward Wakefield's New Zealand Company, in 1840. Wellington features a temperate maritime climate, and is the world's windiest city by average wind speed. It is the world's southernmost capital of a sovereign state. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by metro area, and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington ( Māori: Te Whanganui-a-Tara or Pōneke ) is the capital city of New Zealand. Ngāti Toa Rangatira, Ngāti Raukawa, Te Āti Awa
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